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The effects of syntactic alignment in second language learning have received growing attentionin recent years.This study employs response accuracy and reaction time to measure the syntacticalignment effects of complex hierarchical structures—English relative clauses—in second languageacquisition.It provides evidence to support that syntactic alignment can function as a form of prac-tice,furnishing evidence for automatized second language acquisition.It thus contributes theoreti-cal insights,methodological advancements,and pedagogical implications to the study of syntacticalignment effects in second language leaming.This monograph holds academic reference value forforeign language teachers,second language researchers,and postgraduate students in the field ofsecond language acquisition and psycholinguistics.