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腦與認(rèn)知科學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 版權(quán)信息
- ISBN：9787302589310
- 條形碼：9787302589310 ; 978-7-302-58931-0
- 裝幀：80g純質(zhì)紙
- 冊(cè)數(shù)：暫無
- 重量：暫無
- 所屬分類：>
腦與認(rèn)知科學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 本書特色
全彩印刷，全程視頻講解，詳細(xì)闡述腦與認(rèn)知及計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和實(shí)踐，適合人工智能專業(yè)及智能類課程學(xué)習(xí)的工具書。 人腦+電腦，開啟智能新時(shí)代！
腦與認(rèn)知科學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
本書介紹了腦與認(rèn)知及計(jì)算相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)，主要介紹了方法與技術(shù)、神經(jīng)與信息、視覺與計(jì)算、感知與運(yùn)動(dòng)、注意與意識(shí)、學(xué)習(xí)與記憶、溝通與語言、情感與計(jì)算、發(fā)育與可塑、社會(huì)與可塑、人工與系統(tǒng)。 本書是作者10年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和實(shí)踐成果，全書圖文并茂，理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，為人工智能/智能科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)，腦與神經(jīng)科學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生編寫，幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)人腦機(jī)制和應(yīng)用實(shí)踐等。 本書可作為理工科本科生、研究生智能類課程教材或參考書，也可作為科技人員智能系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)踐的參考手冊(cè)。
腦與認(rèn)知科學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 目錄
目錄
第 1章認(rèn)知與計(jì)算 ............................................................................................ 1
1.1認(rèn)知
........................................................................................................1
1.2元認(rèn)知
....................................................................................................2
1.3認(rèn)知計(jì)算
.................................................................................................2
1.4腦結(jié)構(gòu)與功能
..........................................................................................3
1.5三位一體
...............................................................................................10
1.6腦與認(rèn)知框架
........................................................................................11
1.7人類腦計(jì)劃
............................................................................................12
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................13
第 2章方法與技術(shù) ...........................................................................................15
2.1心理學(xué)方法
............................................................................................15
2.1.1反應(yīng)時(shí)法
....................................................................................15
2.
1.2眼動(dòng)分析法 .................................................................................15
2.
1.3口語報(bào)告分析法 ..........................................................................15
2.
1.4內(nèi)隱聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)..............................................................................16
2.
1.5計(jì)算機(jī)模擬法..............................................................................16
2.2電生理學(xué)方法
........................................................................................16
2.
2.1膜片鉗技術(shù) .................................................................................16
2.
2.2細(xì)胞記錄法 .................................................................................16
2.
2.3腦損傷研究法..............................................................................17
2.3腦成像
..................................................................................................17
2.3.1 CT.............................................................................................17
2.3.2 PET...........................................................................................17
2.3.3 SPECT......................................................................................18
2.3.4 MRI...........................................................................................18
2.3.5 fMRI..........................................................................................19
2.3.6 TPM..........................................................................................20
2.3.7 EEG ..........................................................................................20
2.3.8 MEG..........................................................................................22
2.4技術(shù)比較
...............................................................................................22
2.5設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)范式
........................................................................................23
2.6數(shù)據(jù)處理
...............................................................................................25
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................27
第 3章神經(jīng)與信息 ...........................................................................................29
3.1神經(jīng)元
..................................................................................................29
3.2神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞
........................................................................................31
3.3神經(jīng)信息
...............................................................................................33
3.
3.1神經(jīng)信息產(chǎn)生..............................................................................33
3.
3.2神經(jīng)信息編碼..............................................................................34
3.
3.3神經(jīng)信息傳播..............................................................................35
3.
4神經(jīng)通路和層級(jí) .....................................................................................38
3.5人工神經(jīng)
...............................................................................................40
3.
5.1人工神經(jīng)元 .................................................................................40
3.
5.2人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)..............................................................................41
3.
5.3深度學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)..............................................................................42
3.6微觀與超微觀
........................................................................................44
3.6.1分子 ...........................................................................................44
3.6.2量子
...........................................................................................44
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................45
第 4章視覺與計(jì)算 ...........................................................................................47
4.1眼睛
......................................................................................................47
4.2視覺信息
...............................................................................................47
4.
2.1視覺信息感知..............................................................................47
4.
2.2視覺信息傳遞..............................................................................49
4.
2.3視覺感受機(jī)制..............................................................................51
4.
2.4視覺信息編碼..............................................................................54
4.3對(duì)象識(shí)別
...............................................................................................56
4.3.1神經(jīng)機(jī)制
....................................................................................57
4.3.2認(rèn)知模型
....................................................................................57
4.3.3眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)
....................................................................................60
4.3.4運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺
....................................................................................60
4.3.5立體視覺
....................................................................................61
4.3.6顏色視覺
....................................................................................61
4.
3.7視覺恒常性與腦補(bǔ) .......................................................................63
4.4視覺理論
...............................................................................................64
4.
4.1馬爾計(jì)算視覺..............................................................................64
4.
4.2格式塔理論 .................................................................................65
4.4.3主動(dòng)視覺
....................................................................................66
4.5計(jì)算機(jī)視覺
............................................................................................66
4.5.1深度估計(jì)
....................................................................................66
4.5.2行人預(yù)測(cè)
....................................................................................68
4.5.3水下視覺
....................................................................................71
4.6視覺系統(tǒng)比較
........................................................................................72
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................72
第 5章感知與運(yùn)動(dòng) ...........................................................................................75
5.1感覺與知覺
............................................................................................75
5.2感受器和編碼
........................................................................................76
5.
2.1感受器的種類..............................................................................76
5.
2.2感受器的換能作用 .......................................................................76
5.
2.3感覺信息編碼..............................................................................77
5.3聽覺與平衡覺
........................................................................................79
5.
3.1聲音與聽覺 .................................................................................79
5.
3.2耳朵與聲音感知 ..........................................................................80
5.3.3人工耳蝸
....................................................................................82
5.3.4聽聲辨位
....................................................................................83
5.3.5平衡覺
........................................................................................84
5.4觸覺和痛覺
............................................................................................85
5.4.1觸痛感知
....................................................................................86
5.4.2觸覺
...........................................................................................87
5.4.3痛覺
...........................................................................................88
5.4.4癢覺
...........................................................................................88
5.5嗅覺和味覺
............................................................................................89
5.5.1嗅覺
...........................................................................................89
5.5.2味覺
...........................................................................................90
5.6聯(lián)覺和直覺
............................................................................................92
5.6.1聯(lián)覺
...........................................................................................92
5.6.2直覺
...........................................................................................93
5.
7初級(jí)感覺與運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層 ..............................................................................93
5.8運(yùn)動(dòng)與控制
............................................................................................94
5.8.1下行傳導(dǎo)通路..............................................................................95
5.
8.2運(yùn)動(dòng)層級(jí)與控制 ..........................................................................96
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................97
第 6章注意與意識(shí) ...........................................................................................99
6.1注意
......................................................................................................99
6.2注意與分辨
.......................................................................................... 100
6.3注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)
............................................................................................. 100
6.
4注意的生理機(jī)制 ................................................................................... 101
6.
5注意的信息加工 ................................................................................... 102
6.
5.1選擇性注意 ............................................................................... 102
6.5.2注意分配
.................................................................................. 105
6.5.3變化視盲
.................................................................................. 105
6.
5.4外顯型與內(nèi)隱型注意.................................................................. 106
6.
5.5特征整合理論............................................................................ 107
6.6人工注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)
...................................................................................... 108
6.7睡眠與夢(mèng)
............................................................................................. 108
6.8意識(shí)與思維
.......................................................................................... 111
習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................... 112
第 7章學(xué)習(xí)與記憶 .........................................................................................113
7.1學(xué)習(xí)
.................................................................................................... 113
7.
1.1學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)知模型............................................................................ 113
7.1.2赫布理論
.................................................................................. 115
7.1.3遷移學(xué)習(xí)
.................................................................................. 115
7.
1.4學(xué)習(xí)形成記憶............................................................................ 116
7.2元學(xué)習(xí)
................................................................................................ 117
7.3記憶
.................................................................................................... 119
7.4記憶模型
............................................................................................. 120
7.
4.1多重存儲(chǔ)記憶模型 ..................................................................... 120
7.
4.2工作記憶模型............................................................................ 121
7.
5記憶的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ) ................................................................................... 122
7.
5.1記憶相關(guān)的腦區(qū) ........................................................................ 122
7.
5.2記憶相關(guān)的皮層 ........................................................................ 123
7.
5.3海馬與記憶 ............................................................................... 124
7.6記憶轉(zhuǎn)移
............................................................................................. 124
7.7遺忘曲線
............................................................................................. 125
7.8概念與分類
.......................................................................................... 126
7.9知識(shí)建構(gòu)
............................................................................................. 127
7.
9.1符號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型............................................................................ 128
7.
9.2層次語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型 ..................................................................... 129
7.9.3原型模型
.................................................................................. 130
7.
9.4激活擴(kuò)散模型............................................................................ 130
7.10知識(shí)表征
........................................................................................... 131
7.
10.1聯(lián)想記憶模型 ........................................................................ 131
7.
10.2知識(shí)圖譜............................................................................... 133
7.11貝葉斯大腦
........................................................................................ 134
習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................... 136
第 8章溝通與語言 .........................................................................................137
8.1溝通
.................................................................................................... 137
8.
2人類語言的演化 ................................................................................... 137
8.
3人類語言的獨(dú)特性................................................................................ 137
8.
4失語癥與語言中樞................................................................................ 138
8.5語言處理模型
...................................................................................... 139
8.5.1
Lichtheim模型 ......................................................................... 139
8.5.2
Wernicke-Geschwind模型.......................................................... 140
8.6詞腦
.................................................................................................... 142
8.
7中英語言認(rèn)知異同................................................................................ 146
8.
8腦電到文字轉(zhuǎn)譯 ................................................................................... 147
8.9自然語言處理
...................................................................................... 147
8.10對(duì)偶學(xué)習(xí)
........................................................................................... 148
習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................... 149
第 9章情感與計(jì)算 .........................................................................................151
9.1報(bào)償與動(dòng)機(jī)
.......................................................................................... 151
9.2成癮
.................................................................................................... 152
9.3人腦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
.......................................................................................... 153
9.
3.1經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)現(xiàn)象 ............................................................................... 153
9.3.2能量函數(shù)
.................................................................................. 155
9.4強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)
............................................................................................. 156
9.5理性與情緒
.......................................................................................... 158
9.6情緒腦
................................................................................................ 160
9.7情感與選擇
.......................................................................................... 161
9.8預(yù)測(cè)與期望
.......................................................................................... 163
9.9期望*大化
.......................................................................................... 164
9.10對(duì)抗網(wǎng)絡(luò)
........................................................................................... 165
9.
11自律與自監(jiān)督..................................................................................... 166
9.12情感計(jì)算
........................................................................................... 166
習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................... 168
第 10章發(fā)育與可塑 .......................................................................................169
10.1腦功能發(fā)育
........................................................................................ 169
10.
2腦功能可塑性..................................................................................... 170
10.3腦改進(jìn)方案
........................................................................................ 171
10.
4腦區(qū)到腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)..................................................................................... 173
10.
4.1結(jié)構(gòu)洞與智力 .......................................................................... 174
10.
4.2復(fù)雜性臨界點(diǎn) .......................................................................... 175
10.5腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)演化
........................................................................................ 177
10.
5.1演化動(dòng)力學(xué) ............................................................................. 177
10.
5.2圖網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí) ............................................................................. 179
10.6男女有別
........................................................................................... 180
10.
7神經(jīng)架構(gòu)搜索..................................................................................... 182
習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................... 182
第 11章社會(huì)與創(chuàng)造 .......................................................................................183
11.1社會(huì)認(rèn)知
........................................................................................... 183
11.2歸因理論
........................................................................................... 185
11.3分類與圖式
........................................................................................ 186
11.4同理心
............................................................................................... 188
11.
4.1鏡像神經(jīng)元 ............................................................................. 188
11.
4.2自閉癥情緒圖譜理論 ................................................................ 188
11.
4.3同理心和道德決策 ................................................................... 189
11.
4.4同理心與公平感....................................................................... 190
11.5模仿行為
........................................................................................... 191
11.
6具身認(rèn)知與元宇宙 .............................................................................. 192
11.7利他行為
........................................................................................... 193
11.
8智力與創(chuàng)造力..................................................................................... 194
11.
9人類智力的起源與演化 ....................................................................... 194
11.10弗林效應(yīng)
.......................................................................................... 195
11.
11社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與大數(shù)據(jù) ............................................................................ 196
習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................... 198
第 12章人工與系統(tǒng) .......................................................................................199
12.1人工智能
........................................................................................... 199
12.
2類腦計(jì)算與人工腦 .............................................................................. 199
12.3仿真機(jī)器人
........................................................................................ 201
12.4腦機(jī)系統(tǒng)
........................................................................................... 204
12.
5自主無人系統(tǒng)..................................................................................... 206
12.
6復(fù)雜性與奧卡姆剃刀........................................................................... 206
12.7安全和倫理
........................................................................................ 207
12.7.1可信與安全 ............................................................................. 207
12.
7.2道德與倫理 ............................................................................. 209
習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................... 211
參考文獻(xiàn) ...........................................................................................................213
_x00C_
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腦與認(rèn)知科學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 作者簡(jiǎn)介
劉洪波博士，加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校神經(jīng)計(jì)算研究所訪問學(xué)者，二級(jí)教授，博導(dǎo)，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)科帶頭人，人工智能專業(yè)方向帶頭人，主要研究認(rèn)知計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)智能等，曾作為項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人承擔(dān)國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金、教育部人才計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目等多個(gè)項(xiàng)目；發(fā)表CCF A類在內(nèi)的論文百余篇；曾獲省部級(jí)科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)(排名第一)、行業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)科技創(chuàng)新獎(jiǎng)(排名第一)；大連高新區(qū)生態(tài)科創(chuàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟副理事長(zhǎng)，入選教育部新世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀人才。
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